Metal Glossary

Designed to be a quick reference guide for customers, the Cashmores glossary provides definitions of the latest metal industry terms.

Metal Glossary

Designed to be a quick reference guide for customers, the Cashmores glossary provides definitions of the latest metal industry terms.

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Strain Hardening
Work Hardening

The increase in strength and hardness with a general loss of ductility that results from cold working of a work-piece.
Related Terms: Cold Working
Stress Corrosion

This is the frequently rapid, sudden, failure of normally ductile alloys when experiencing tensile stresses in certain and specific corrosive environments. These stresses may be residual internal stresses or from external loading.
Stretcher Grip Marks

Transverse indentations left by the gripper jaws of the stretching machine on the ends of a product.
Stretcher Levelling, Streching

A term used to describe both the levelling of rolled materials and the straightening of extruded and drawn materials by imparting sufficient permanent extension to remove distortion.
Stretcher Strain Markings

These are permanent surface distortions that can occur on stretching. They can appear as either flamboyant patterns or Lüders lines. Their onset and extent depends on the type of material and the degree of stretching.
Related Terms: Lüders Lines, Stretcher Levelling, Streching
Super Annealing

An annealing cycle for heat treatable alloys that utilises a slow, controlled, cooling rate to produce a structure with maximum ductility and the minimum tendency to natural ageing.
Surface Bloom

A general term for any surface discolouration caused by thermal treatment or from exposure to moist atmospheres.
Temper

The characteristic structural and mechanical properties produced by mechanical working and/or thermal treatments.
Related Terms: Temper Designations
Temper Designations

There are two systems of letters and digits used, after the alloy designation number, to define and describe the temper of an aluminium alloy. The following is only an outline guide to these systems. For the strain hardening alloys of 1xxx, 3xxx and 5xxx series the following is used:- O = Annealed, soft F = As Fabricated H1x = Strain Hardened only H2x = Strain Hardened and partly annealed H3x = Strain Hardened and stabilised H4x = Strain Hardened and organically coated with an oven cure The second number shown as x above indicates the final degree of hardness or strength. 2 = quarter hard 4 = half hard 6 = three quarter hard 8 = fully hard. For the heat treatable alloys of the 2xxx, 6xxx,7xxx and 8xxx series the following applies. T1 = cooled from a high temperature forming process and naturally aged. T2 = cooled from a high temperature forming process cold worked and naturally aged. T3 = solution treated, cold worked and naturally aged. T4 = solution treated and naturally aged. T5 = cooled from a high temperature forming process and age hardened by heat treatment. T6 = solution treated and age hardened. T7 = solution treated and deliberately overaged T8 = solution treated, cold worked and age hardened T9 = solution treated, age hardened then cold worked Additional numbers may also appear to indicate variations in treatment that can significantly influence the condition of the alloy.
More information: https://www.cashmores.co.uk/datasheets/
Temper Rolling

A controlled cold rolling procedure performed to develop specific mechanical properties in a work piece.
Tensile Strength
Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS)

The maximum load, in tension, that a material can withstand before breaking. It is calculated as a breaking load for a standard cross section area.
Tensile Test

A procedure to measure the mechanical properties of a representative test piece in tension. The test piece is progressively loaded in tension and its gauge length plotted against the applied load generally to the point of fracture. The Proof Stress (Rp) and Tensile Strength (Rm) values are then determined.

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Metal Glossary

Metal Glossary

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