Metal Glossary

Designed to be a quick reference guide for customers, the Cashmores glossary provides definitions of the latest metal industry terms.

Metal Glossary

Designed to be a quick reference guide for customers, the Cashmores glossary provides definitions of the latest metal industry terms.
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  • Ident Pips
    Pip Lines, Pip Marks, Pips
    A marking on an extrusion (on a non-visible surface) placed there by the extrusion mill’s die to allow the mill to identify extrusions produced by that mill.
  • Indirect Extrusion
    Backwards Extrusion
    The extrusion method in which there is no relative movement between the billet and the container. This is accomplished by:- Either pushing the die held on the end of a long, hollow, stem through the billet. Or moving the billet and container together over the die, again held on the end of a long, hollow, stem. As there is no movement between the billet and container the friction, and hence extrusion loads, are reduced by up to 30% compared to direct extrusion and grain structures can be improved. The process is limited by the size, length and strength of the stem which holds the die.
    Related Terms: Direct Extrusion
  • Ingot
    A cast product that may be various shapes including slab, billet, bloom or more complex shapes. Produced by pouring liquid aluminium into a shaped mould and allowing it to cool.
  • Integral Colour Anodising
    Coloured surfaces developed either by anodising certain Aluminium alloys and/or by using special organic electrolytes that produce colours during anodising.
  • Internal Stress
    Stresses within a work-piece caused by previous treatments, e.g. casting, thermal treatment or fabrication.
  • Isothermal Quenching
    A procedure in which the work piece is quenched, and held for some time, in a fluid which is held at a constant temperature between the solution treatment temperature and room temperature. This permits precipitation hardening.
  • Izod Test
    Impact Test, Charpy Test, Fracture Test
    A test in which the test piece is notched and broken. The fracture surface examined to assess grain structure and freedom from defects. Also used to determine toughness, often at varying temperatures to establish at what reduced temperature the material becomes brittle.
  • Kitchen Foil
    Cooking Foil, Foil, Tin Foil
    Cold rolled aluminium flat product less than 250 microns in thickness. Usage includes kitchen foil (cooking foil) and foil trays for food. Kitchen Foil is often incorrectly referred to as Tin Foil.
  • Lateral Curvature
    Edge Curvature
    The lateral departure, in arc form, of an edge from linear straightness.
  • Lüders Lines
    Surface marks caused by localised flow that appears on some alloys after light straining. They run parallel to the direction of maximum shear stress i.e. at 45° to the direction of the deforming stress.
  • Mean Diameter
    The sum of any two diameters at right angles divided by two.
  • Mean Wall Thickness
    For a tube this is the sum of four wall thickness measurements, made at 90o intervals around the diameter, divided by four.
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